![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Additionally, MBRs can be followed by post-treatment membrane processes such as reverse osmosis (RO) or membrane distillation (MD) to achieve higher-quality effluent. The main disadvantages of MBRs are membrane fouling and increased energy consumption. Other benefits of MBRs over CAS include a smaller footprint and less excess sludge production. Compared to traditional secondary wastewater treatment methods such as conventional activated sludge (CAS), MBR systems exhibit higher removals of chemical oxygen demand (COD 97%), phosphate (PO 4 3− 98%), total nitrogen (TN 94%), and total suspended solids (TSS 99%), which results in higher-quality effluent. Whereas the biological treatment is effective at removing organic carbon, phosphorus, and ammonia, the membrane is effective against viruses and other macromolecules that may be present in the influent wastewater. MBRs consist of a biological reactor (or a series of anaerobic, anoxic, and aerobic biological reactors with internal recycles) coupled with a submerged or side-stream MF/UF/NF membrane. Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) are an increasingly popular secondary wastewater treatment method that may be suitable for potable reuse schemes. The results of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of the novel MBR-MD system for IPR and the reduced environmental impacts when waste heat is available to power MD. Results showed an average 53.7% reduction in environmental impacts for the MBR-MD system when waste heat is used to operate MD however, without waste heat, the environmental impacts of MBR-MD are significantly higher, with average impacts ranging from 218% to 1400% greater than the Baseline, depending on the proportion of waste heat used. Life cycle assessment (LCA) was used to compare the environmental impacts of each system. Physical and empirical models were used to obtain operational data for both systems and inform a life cycle inventory. In this study, a novel membrane bioreactor–membrane distillation (MBR-MD) system was evaluated to determine the environmental impacts of treatment compared to an existing IPR facility (“Baseline”). Wastewater treatment for indirect potable reuse (IPR) is a possible approach to address water scarcity. ![]()
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